Risks of Chlorinated Water |
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| Safe Drinking Water: A Public Health Challenge |
| Disinfection of drinking water through processes including filtration and chlorination was one of the major achievements of public health, beginning in the late 1800s and the early 1900s. Chloroform and other chlorination disinfection by-products (CBPs) in drinking water were first reported in 1974. Chloroform and several other CBPs are known to cause cancer in experimental animals, and there is growing epidemiologic evidence of a causal role for CBPs in human cancer, particularly for bladder cancer. |
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| Pool chlorine, atopy and the risk of asthma in children |
| The recently proposed chlorine hypothesis postulates that childhood asthma rise could be linked to the increasing attendance of chlorinated pools by increasingly younger children. The culprit would be trichloramine, an irritant gas building up in the air of indoor chlorinated pools. To further test this hypothesis, we have explored the relationships between asthma, atopy and cumulated pool attendance (CPA) in 342 children (10-12 yr), 90% of them having attended the same pool in Brussels (trichloramine in air, 0.3-0.5 mg/m3). |
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| Swimming pool water Genotoxicoloty |
| Swimming pool water fractionation and genotoxicological characterization of organic constituents. Swimming pool water treatment in general includes flocculation, sand filtration, and subsequent disinfection with chlorine. The continuous chlorination and input of organic material by bathers in combination with recirculation of the pool water leads to an accumulation of disinfection by-products (DBPs) in the water. Several DBPs have been identified as human carcinogens and are thought to cause allergic asthma. Therefore, the elimination of DBPs is one major aim of pool water treatment. |
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| Copper "fix" |
Cooper is the third most abundant mineral in the human body and is essential for normal body function.
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| Chlorine and Biofilm |
Attachment as a Factor in protection of Enterobacter cloacae from chlorination. Chlorine
and Biofilm
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| Chlorine and Cancer |
| The addition of chlorine to our drinking water began in the late 1800s and by 1904 was the standard in water treatment, and for the most part remains so today. We don’t use chlorine because it’s the safest or even the most effective means of disinfection, we use it because it is the cheapest. In spite of all our technological advances, we essentially still pour bleach in our water before we drink it. The long term effects of chlorinated drinking water have just recently being recognized. According to the U.S. Council Of Environmental Quality, “Cancer risk among people drinking chlorinated water is 93% higher than among those whose water does not contain chlorine.” |
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| Chloramine Facts |
Citizens Concerned About Chloramine:
Definitions and Information, Characteristics of Chloramine, Inadequate Studies, Effects of Chloramine on Human Health, Filtration, Misleading Statements from the SFPUC, Business Effects, Plumbing Problems and Some Implications for Health, Environmental Effects and CCAC Recommendations |
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| Health Hazards of Chlorine in Water |
| "The drinking of chlorinated water has finally been
officially linked to an increased incidence of colon cancer. An
epidemiologist at Oak Ridge Associated Universities completed a study of
colon cancer victims and non-cancer patients and
concluded that the drinking of chlorinated water for 15 years or more
was conducive to a high rate of colon cancer." |
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| Take Care of the Lungs |
| Chlorine in Swimming Pools Cause Damaging Effects to the Lungs. Brussels EFE Chlorine inhalation causes lung damage to children and can develop allergies and asthma, and Cancer according to a Belgium research study. The Inform establishes for the first time, a direct relation between chlorine use o disinfect swimming pools and the lungs of children who frequent them. |
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| Chlorine is "Very Explosive" |
Google: Chlorine Explosion:
5-Children
were admitted to the hospital emergency room in respiratory distress
after an accidental explosion involving chlorinating agents for the
swimming pool.
read full story
From: Paul Mosely
This is the exact circumstances. I lived in a
condominium community in 1984 that had an Olympic size swimming pool.
The association approached me to see if I would take over the handling
of the pool care as they had heard from other sources I was very good at
this. I did not have time but told them I would train someone to do the
job if they liked. They chose a young navy man and we immediately
struck up a friendship that lasted for years. They were ordering
chlorine from several companies (not a good idea) and storing them in
the same room. The chlorine was granular (against my recommendations).
The young man (again against my recommendations) was mixing the powder
with water before throwing it into the pool. One bucket was empty and he
filled the remaining chlorine needed from another bucket. I don't
remember the exact chlorines but both were granular. When he put the
water in the bucket to mix it the bucket became very hot instantly and
he threw it down and ran. (I had cautioned him several times about any
changes in chlorine to immediately get away from it). My home was
around two blocks from the resulting explosion and it shook my house. It
sounded like two or three stick of dynamite had gone off. He did not do
that again and fortunately no one was in the pool area except him. Paul
Swimming Pool Chlorine Explosions
Google: 15,100 - Pool Chlorine Explosion
A passenger vehicle carrying a family of five erupted into flames. The
cause was listed as a half-full box of pool chemicals. The Task Force
also reviewed a fire investigation report provided by the Oregon State
Fire Marshal’s Office of a fire that resulted in fatalities when a
passenger vehicle carrying a family of five erupted into flames as it
was being driven along a highway. The cause was listed as a half-full
box of pool chemicals.
read full story
Explosion Rocks Manchester Pool Supply Center
MANCHESTER
(AP) -- Dozens of homes were evacuated Thursday after an explosion at a
pool supply company sent plumes of chlorine-filled smoke into the sky.
Officials are worried that there will be chemical runoff into the
Hackanum River and are concerned with what people are breathing... The
warning was prompted by three separate incidents last week involving
pool owners who risked exposing themselves and others to toxic fumes,
fire and explosion by dangerously mixing or improperly handling pool
chemicals.
read full story
Forty-eight
people were taken to hospital after inhaling chlorine gas from a
chemical leak in the swimming pool. It is believed that hydrochloric
acid and sodium hypochloride were accidentally pumped into the wrong
tank during a routine delivery of cleansing chemicals. Officials are
preparing a report which it is believed could result in criminal charges
focusing on pool staff, management and the lorry driver who delivered
the chemicals.
read full story |
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Salt Water Pool Risks |
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| Myths, Maintenance & Problems About Salt Water Pools |
| Since salt water pools produce chlorine, the sanitizing effectiveness of the system is affected by sunlight, rainfall, bather load, phosphate levels, temperature and calcium buildup. Changes in any of these conditions can lead to an algae bloom and require additional ‘shocking’ of the water. |
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| Salt Chlorinator Disclaimer |
| In making the decision to purchase a salt chlorination system, it is necessary to consider certain facts. First, salt does not eliminate the need for chlorine. The salt cell actually ionizes the salt to produce chlorine. This is accomplished by maintaining the appropriate salt levels and by running the pool filter for the necessary amount of time based on the gallons of water in your pool. Second, the cell must be maintained and cleaned regularly, as recommended by the manufacturer to ensure optimum performance of the system. |
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| Corrosion blamed on salt-water pools |
| The backyard pool is one of the true joys of a North Texas summer. And as many as 65 percent of new pools are built with salt-water filtration systems. But a growing number of families say the salt is corroding parts of their prized pools. |
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| Saltwater Banned in Swimming Pools |
| SANTA CLARITA - Swimming pools that utilize salt rather than chlorine were banned Wednesday in Santa Clarita, where concern is growing that salts are polluting freshwater supplies. |
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| Salt Water Pool Ordinance Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles County |
Salt Water Pool Ordinance Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles County.
On November 9, 2005, an ordinance was enacted in the Santa Clarita Valley making it illegal for
swimming pools connected to the sewer system to be converted to saltwater pools. The ordinance also made it illegal for both new and existing saltwater pools to be connected to the sewer system. |
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Swimming in chlorinated pools can cause an increased risk of cancer in bathers, Spanish researchers said on Monday. 
Wisconsin Department of Health Services
